The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center (colloquially MD Anderson Cancer Center) is one of the original three comprehensive cancer centers in the United States established by the National Cancer Act of 1971. It is both a degree-granting academic institution and a cancer treatment and research center located at the Texas Medical Center in Houston, Texas, United States. It is one of the few hospitals in the United States affiliated with two major research based medical schools: The University of Texas Medical School at Houston, which is a part of the larger University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, and Baylor College of Medicine. For nine of the past 11 years, including 2012, MD Anderson has ranked No. 1 in cancer care in the "Best Hospitals" survey published in U.S. News & World Report.

MD Anderson was created by an act of the Texas Legislature in 1941, making it a part of The University of Texas System. Today it is one of 41 Comprehensive Cancer Centers designated by the National Cancer Institute. The cancer center provided care for about 115,000 patients in Fiscal Year 2012 and employs more than 19,000 people.

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